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2016
 (1.49 MB)
Hatje, V.; Bruland, K. W.; A. Flegal, R. 2016. Increases in Anthropogenic Gadolinium Anomalies and Rare Earth Element Concentrations in San Francisco Bay over a 20 Year Record. Environ. Sci. Technol. 50 (8).

We evaluated both the spatial distribution of gadolinium (Gd) and other rare earth elements (REE) in surface waters collected in a transect of San Francisco Bay (SFB) and their temporal variations within the Bay over two decades. The REE were preconcentrated using the NOBIAS PA-1 resin prior to analysis by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Measurements revealed a temporal increase in the Gd anomaly in SFB from the early 1990s to the present. The highest Gd anomalies were observed in the southern reach of SFB, which is surrounded by several hospitals and research centers that use Gd-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Recent increases in that usage presumably contributed to the order of magnitude increase in anthropogenic Gd concentrations in SFB, from 8.27 to 112 pmol kg–1 over the past two decades, and reach the northeast Pacific coastal waters. These measurements (i) show that “exotic” trace elements used in new high-tech applications, such as Gd, are emerging contaminants in San Francisco Bay and that anthropogenic Gd concentrations increased substantially over a 20 year period; (ii) substantiate proposals that REE may be used as tracers of wastewater discharges and hydrological processes; and (iii) suggest that new public policies and the development of more effective treatment technologies may be necessary to control sources and minimize future contamination by REE that are critical for the development of new technologies, which now overwhelm natural REE anomalies.

Hale, T.; Grosso, C. 2016. An Introduction to EcoAtlas: Applied Aquatic Science. San Francisco Estuary Institute: Richmond, CA. p 16 pages.

This memo was developed by SFEI to introduce the EcoAtlas tools, their intended (target) user community, and the short- and long-term intended applications. 

 (5.84 MB)
2007
 (7.99 MB)
 (2.65 MB)
Cohen, A. N.; Carlton, J. T. 2007. Introduced Marine and Estuarine Invertebrates. In The Light & Smith Manual: Intertidal Invertebrates of the California and Oregon Coast. Carlton, J. T., Ed.. The Light & Smith Manual: Intertidal Invertebrates of the California and Oregon Coast. University of California Press: Berkeley, Ca.
Cohen, A. N.; Schaeffer, K.; McGourty, K.; Cosentino-Manning, N.; De La Cruz, S. E. Wainwri; Elliot, M.; Allen, S. 2007. Introduction for Report on the Subtidal Habitats and Associated Biological Taxa in San Francisco Bay. In Report on the Subtidal Habitats and Associated Biological Taxa in San Francisco Bay. Report on the Subtidal Habitats and Associated Biological Taxa in San Francisco Bay. NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. p 35.
2004
Cohen, A. N. 2004. Invasions in the sea. Park Science 22, 37-41.
Cohen, A. N. 2004. Invasions in the sea. SFEI Contribution No. 312. Vol. 22, pp 37-41.
 (911.72 KB)
2001
Cohen, A. N. 2001. Impacts from the Asian clam Potamocorbula amurensis. In National Management Plan. National Management Plan. National Invasive Species Council: Washington DC.
 (938.36 KB)
Cohen, A. N. 2001. An Introduction to the San Francisco Estuary Third Edition. San Francisco Estuary Project, Oakland CA, Save The Bay, Oakland CA and San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond CA: Oakland, Ca. Vol. Third Edit.
 (1016.42 KB)
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Cohen, A. N. 2001. Invasions in the San Francisco Estuary. In National Management Plan. National Management Plan. National Invasive Species Council: Washington DC.
 (420.69 KB)
2000
Cohen, A. N.; McGann, M.; Sloan, D. 2000. Invasion by a Japanese marine microorganism in western North America. Hydrobiologia 421, 25-30 . SFEI Contribution No. 343.
 (851.24 KB)
Cohen, A. N. 2000. Invasions status and policy on the U. S. west coast. in: Proc. First Nat'l Conf. on Marine Bioinvasions, Jan. 24-27, 1999, Cambridge MA, 40-45.
 (582.42 KB)
 (502.17 KB)
1997
Cohen, A. N. 1997. The invasion of the estuaries. Proc. Second International Spartina Conference, Mar 20-21, 1997, 6-9.
 (174.13 KB)
1996
Carlton, J. T. 1996. The Invaded estuary (abstract). In In: Third Biennial State of the Estuary Conf.. In: Third Biennial State of the Estuary Conf. San Francisco, CA.
1995
Cohen, A. N. 1995. Introduced Species. Prepared for: California's Ocean Resources: An Agenda for the Future, California Resources Agency: Sacramento, CA.
 (381.3 KB)
 (476.51 KB)
1994
Cohen, A. N. 1994. Impacts of invasions in the Bay and Delta. Abs. Proc. 75th Ann. Mtg., Pac. Div. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci..
Fiorillo, J. T. 1994. Implementation Manual for the San Leandro Creek Watershed Awareness Program, 1993-1994. SFEI Contribution No. 177. San Francisco Estuary Institute: Richmond, Ca. p 75.
1989
Kramer, K. S. 1989. Inventory of Current Monitoring Programs in the San Francisco Bay and Delta. SFEI Contribution No. 155. San Francisco Estuary Institute: Richmond, CA. p 39.
Kramer, K. S. 1989. Inventory of Monitoring Programs in the San Francisco Bay and Delta. SFEI Contribution No. 156. AHI: Richmond, CA. p 48.
 (3.81 MB)
1988
Davis, J. A. 1988. Inventory of Priority Datasets Relating to the San Francisco Estuary. SFEI Contribution No. 141. San Francisco Estuary Institute: Richmond, CA. p 51.